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<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Courier New"'>Dear colleagues,<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Courier New"'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Courier New"'>Following the Mw 8.9 earthquake in Japan last
Friday, we made a first detailed GPS analysis over the weekend at DEOS/DUT (related
to our ongoing co- and post-seismic GPS modelling research of the 2004 Mw 9.2
Sumatra-Andaman earthquake) that includes all operational IGS stations in Asia.
The presented results use a combination of both static and kinematic mode
in the JPL GIPSY-OASIS software. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Courier New"'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Courier New"'>In static (bias-fixed) mode we analyzed an IGS network
subset (57 stations) 10 days prior to the earthquake (GPS days 60-69) to get a
good co-seismic deformation reference solution, followed by the 2 days after
the earthquake (GPS days 70-71). These 2 post-quake solutions were averaged
whereby station solutions with significant post-seismic motions on the second
day were omitted. This averaged post-quake solution was then projected onto the
pre-quake 10-day averaged solution using all (regional/global)IGS stations (38
in total) that were not affected by the earthquake. Finally the resulting (far-field)
co-seismic displacements were reduced by 7% to remove the accumulated
post-seismic deformation in the first 24 hours (percentage based on our recent
revisit of the Mw 8.5 Bengkulu 2007 earthquake near <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:City
w:st="on">Sumatra</st1:City>, <st1:country-region w:st="on">Indonesia</st1:country-region></st1:place>)
<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Courier New"'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Courier New"'>In kinematic (bias-free) mode we analyzed GPS day
070 for the IGS stations located most close to the epicentre (MIZU, TSKB, TSK2,
MTKA and USUD). For days 65-71 the JPL Rapid GPS orbit and clock products
were used. As already explained by Susan Owen in her IGS mail the
resulting co-seismic displacements are computed by GIPSY as absolute values.
The kinematic mode (whereby typically five 5-minute position estimates before
and after the earthquake were averaged and subsequently differenced) was extremely
useful to determine the ”pure” near-field co-seismic displacements caused
by the Mw 8.9 earthquake. In static mode the daily (post-quake) averaged
positions are already significantly polluted by post-seismic motions and an
additional co-seismic jump on day 070 at TSKB/TSK2 (-3.5/18.5/-2.5 cm N/E/U) and
MTKA (0/7.5/-1.5 cm N/E/U) from the Mw 6.8 quake that followed about 30 minutes
later. Also MIZU apparently ceased to operate on day 070 at 06:00 UTC,
about 15 minutes after the earthquake. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Courier New"'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Courier New"'>Below our first co-seismic displacement table is
included. For the co-seismic displacements estimated in static mode the errors
(at 95% C.L.) should be within 1 and 2.5 cm for respectively the horizontal and
vertical displacements. In kinematic mode errors up to a couple cm are still possible.
IGS stations up to a distance of 5000 km have been included. The detectable
co-seismic displacements extend more than 2000 km away in both NW (China/Russia)
and SE (beyond the <st1:place w:st="on">Bonin Islands</st1:place> (Ogasawara))
direction. At first look the far-field displacements appear to be only about
half the size of the first predictions posted here by Jeff Freymueller. They also
appear to extend not as far as those of the Mw 9.2 Sumatra-Andaman quake. This
could indicate that the actual magnitude is smaller than the Mw 8.9-9.0 reported
values. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Courier New"'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Courier New"'>We release these results to the international
community as especially the far-field co-seismic displacements can contribute
to the already extensive near-field GPS solutions made possible by the GEONET
GPS network in <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Japan</st1:place></st1:country-region>.
The far-field GPS solutions may provide additional good constraints to the already
ongoing geophysical/seismological modelling (rupture length, slip distribution)
of the earthquake. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Courier New"'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Courier New"'>If you find these solutions useful please credit
them accordingly as ”GPS co-seismic displacements (version 1.0) in the
IGS GNSS network from the March 11, 2011 Mw 8.9 earthquake provided by the
GEO2TECDI team at DEOS, Delft University of Technology, the Netherlands”.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Courier New"'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Courier New"'>Site Date Type Lat
Lon Height Dnorth Dn
SD Deast De SD Dup
Du SD #sol Distance NECorr<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Courier New"'>
(deg) (deg) (m)
(mm) (mm) (mm)
(mm) (mm) (mm) bef/aft
(km)<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Courier New"'>---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Courier New"'>MIZU 11MAR11 CP 39.1352
141.1328 0.118 -1140.13 (15.81) 2077.35 (14.10)
-101.76 (16.46) (k6/ 1) d: 231 -0.083<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Courier New"'>TSKB 11MAR11 CP 36.1057
140.0875 67.180 90.64 (10.46) 324.11
( 6.26) -49.23 (11.64) (k6/ 5) d: 315 -0.087<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Courier New"'>TSK2 11MAR11 CP 36.1056
140.0871 69.860 89.76 ( 8.27) 326.14
( 8.26) -60.60 ( 6.88) (k6/ 5) d: 315 -0.097<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Courier New"'>MTKA 11MAR11 CP 35.6795 139.5614
108.906 52.37 ( 8.52) 145.31 ( 8.43)
-27.61 (21.19) (k6/ 5) d: 381 -0.118<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Courier New"'>USUD 11MAR11 CP 36.1331 138.3620 1508.588
48.36 ( 5.15) 173.68 ( 6.63) 20.79 (14.39) (k6/
5) d: 449 -0.077<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Courier New"'>STK2 11MAR11 CP 43.5286 141.8448
118.559 -23.19 ( 1.74) 12.96 (
1.91) -7.49 ( 9.15) (10/ 1) d: 656 -0.037<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Courier New"'>YSSK 11MAR11 CP 47.0297
142.7167 91.299 -1.21 ( 1.78)
-0.23 ( 0.71) -7.14 ( 2.98) (10/ 2) d: 1037 -0.065<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span lang=FR
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"'>CCJ2 11MAR11 CP
27.0675 142.1950 104.217 0.43 (
1.92) -5.51 ( 1.74) -13.87 ( 6.46) (10/ 2) d:
1177 -0.031<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span lang=FR
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"'>AIRA 11MAR11 CP
31.8241 130.5996 314.652 2.39 (
3.81) 7.33 ( 6.00) -7.32 (13.28) (10/
1) d: 1306 -0.072<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span lang=NL
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"'>KHAJ 11MAR11 CP
48.5215 135.0462 130.474 -9.71 (
1.27) 5.24 ( 1.80) -5.00 ( 2.30) (10/
2) d: 1364 -0.123<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span lang=NL
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"'>DAEJ 11MAR11 CP
36.3994 127.3745 116.844 1.88 (
0.88) 18.37 ( 2.06) -2.87 ( 2.95) (10/ 2)
d: 1395 -0.122<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Courier New"'>SUWN 11MAR11 CP 37.2755
127.0542 82.272 1.11 (
1.30) 19.05 ( 2.42) -1.43 ( 3.16) (10/ 2)
d: 1409 -0.299<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Courier New"'>CHAN 11MAR11 CP 43.7907 125.4442
273.267 -6.59 ( 0.98) 14.48 (
1.49) 0.91 ( 2.10) (10/ 2) d: 1624 -0.114<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Courier New"'>MCIL 11MAR11 CP 24.2901
153.9787 35.660 6.89 ( 1.44)
-11.09 ( 1.04) -6.99 ( 3.86) (10/ 2) d: 1806 0.006<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Courier New"'>PETS 11MAR11 CP 53.0233 158.6501
102.079 1.59 ( 1.15) -2.03 (
1.00) -5.27 ( 7.58) (10/ 2) d: 2079 0.164<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Courier New"'>SHAO 11MAR11 CP 31.0996
121.2004 22.056 1.09 (
1.38) 2.27 ( 2.09) -1.92 ( 3.32) (10/
2) d: 2120 -0.116<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Courier New"'>BJFS 11MAR11 CP 39.6086
115.8925 87.454 -0.94 (
1.44) 4.29 ( 1.28) 4.90 ( 3.42)
( 8/ 2) d: 2349 -0.097<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Courier New"'>CNMR 11MAR11 CP 15.2297
145.7431 64.384 -0.75 ( 6.62)
-0.46 ( 6.71) -6.17 (22.68) (10/ 1) d: 2485 0.089<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Courier New"'>TWTF 11MAR11 CP 24.9536 121.1645
201.531 -1.09 ( 1.25) -0.62 (
1.72) -1.46 ( 4.95) (10/ 2) d: 2488 -0.110<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Courier New"'>TNML 11MAR11 CP 24.7980
120.9873 75.873 -1.43 ( 0.37)
0.15 ( 2.00) 0.65 ( 6.55) ( 9/ 2) d: 2512 -0.092<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Courier New"'>TCMS 11MAR11 CP 24.7980
120.9874 77.253 -1.04 ( 1.50)
-0.31 ( 2.57) -2.17 ( 7.00) (10/ 2) d: 2512 -0.096<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><st1:place w:st="on"><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"'>GUAM</span></font></st1:place><font
size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"'>
11MAR11 CP 13.5893 144.8684 201.919 -0.05 (
3.15) -4.15 ( 6.59) -0.27 (10.18) (10/ 1)
d: 2655 -0.070<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Courier New"'>GUUG 11MAR11 CP 13.4332 144.8027
134.724 -1.36 ( 1.09) -2.93 (
2.89) -10.26 (18.58) (10/ 2) d: 2671 0.021<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Courier New"'>WUHN 11MAR11 CP 30.5317
114.3573 25.882 0.96 (
1.10) -0.55 ( 2.91) 4.80 ( 5.54) (10/
2) d: 2728 -0.104<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Courier New"'>YAKT 11MAR11 CP 62.0310 129.6803
103.406 -0.43 ( 2.28) -1.42 (
0.92) 12.23 (10.96) (10/ 2) d: 2836 -0.152<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Courier New"'>ULAB 11MAR11 CP 47.8651 107.0523
1575.543 0.87 ( 2.88) 0.06 (
1.84) 4.35 (11.83) (10/ 2) d: 3089 -0.042<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Courier New"'>PIMO 11MAR11 CP 14.6357
121.0777 95.535 -0.83 ( 3.62)
-2.06 ( 4.75) -8.58 (12.79) (10/ 1) d: 3309 -0.092<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Courier New"'>IRKJ 11MAR11 CP 52.2190 104.3162
502.042 0.06 ( 1.60) 1.08 (
1.89) 0.14 (12.15) (10/ 2) d: 3360 -0.032<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span lang=NL
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"'>IRKT 11MAR11 CP 52.2190
104.3162 502.352 -1.45 ( 1.00)
0.85 ( 2.98) 2.01 (12.42) (10/ 2) d: 3360 -0.024<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span lang=NL
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"'>KUNM 11MAR11 CP
25.0295 102.7972 1986.211 0.89 (
4.60) -0.27 ( 5.92) -6.68 (21.92) (10/ 1)
d: 3974 -0.078<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span lang=NL
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"'>URUM 11MAR11 CP
43.8079 87.6007 858.862 1.53 (
2.08) 0.42 ( 1.20) -0.80 (11.79) (10/
2) d: 4541 0.024<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span lang=NL
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"'>LHAZ 11MAR11 CP
29.6573 91.1040 3624.610 1.84 (
1.11) -0.47 ( 1.30) -0.70 (12.23) (10/ 2)
d: 4721 0.074<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span lang=NL
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"'>CUSV 11MAR11 CP
13.7359 100.5339 74.294 -0.63 ( 3.17)
-1.91 ( 4.16) 1.52 ( 5.63) (10/ 2) d: 4836
-0.054<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Courier New"'>---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Courier New"'>CP: ”pure” co-seismic displacements / k:
kinematic solution, # 5-min epochs or daily solutions before and after quake<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Courier New"'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Courier New"'>I hope you will appreciate our efforts. Please
don’t hesitate to contact me if you require additional information
regarding this analysis. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Courier New"'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Courier New"'>Sincerely,<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Courier New"'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Courier New"'>Wim Simons<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Courier New"'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Courier New"'>----<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Courier New"'>Wim J.F. Simons - Research Associate phone:
+31 15 2782043</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Courier New"'>DEOS, Faculty of Aerospace Engineering fax:
+31 15 2785322</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><st1:place w:st="on"><st1:PlaceName w:st="on"><font size=2
face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"'>Delft</span></font></st1:PlaceName><font
size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"'>
<st1:PlaceType w:st="on">University</st1:PlaceType></span></font></st1:place><font
size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"'>
of Technology E-mail: <a
href="mailto:W.J.F.Simons@tudelft.nl">W.J.F.Simons@tudelft.nl</a></span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span lang=NL
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"'>Kluyverweg
1
www: http://www.deos.tudelft.nl</span></font><span lang=NL><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Courier New"'>NL-2629 HS Delft, The <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:country-region
w:st="on">Netherlands</st1:country-region></st1:place></span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
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